ใ‚
ใ‹
ใ•
ใŸ
ใช

ใฟใ‚“ใชใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž - Interactive Learning Tool ๐ŸŽŒ

๐Ÿ’ก Tip: Click vocabulary cards to hear pronunciation (if supported by your browser)

็ฌฌ1่ชฒ - Introductions & Nationalities

๐Ÿ“š Vocabulary

ใ‚ใŸใ—
watashi
I, me
ใ‚ใชใŸ
anata
you
ใ‚ใฎใฒใจ
ano hito
that person
ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“
minasan
everyone
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
sensei
teacher
ใŒใใ›ใ„
gakusei
student
ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใ‚“
kaishain
company employee
ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ
isha
doctor
ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ข
enjinia
engineer
ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“
nihonjin
Japanese person
ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ˜ใ‚“
amerikajin
American person
ใ ใ„ใŒใ
daigaku
university

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ€œใฏใ€œใงใ™ (wa...desu)
Used to state what something/someone is
Example 1: ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Watashi wa gakusei desu.
I am a student.
Example 2: ใŸใชใ‹ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Tanaka-san wa nihonjin desu.
Mr./Ms. Tanaka is Japanese.
Example 3: ใ‚ใฎใฒใจใฏ ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Ano hito wa sensei desu.
That person is a teacher.
ใ€œใฏใ€œใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (wa...ja arimasen)
Negative form - is not
Example 1: ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
Watashi wa sensei ja arimasen.
I am not a teacher.
Example 2: ใƒŸใƒฉใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
Miller-san wa nihonjin ja arimasen.
Mr. Miller is not Japanese.
ใ€œใฏใ€œใงใ™ใ‹ (wa...desu ka)
Question form - Is...?
Example 1: ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Anata wa gakusei desu ka.
Are you a student?
Example 2: ใŸใชใ‹ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Tanaka-san wa isha desu ka.
Is Mr. Tanaka a doctor?
ใ€œใ‚‚ (mo)
Also, too
Example 1: ใ‚ใŸใ—ใ‚‚ ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Watashi mo gakusei desu.
I am also a student.
Example 2: ใƒŸใƒฉใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ˜ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Miller-san mo amerikajin desu.
Mr. Miller is also American.
ใฏใ„ / ใ„ใ„ใˆ
Yes / No responses
Q: ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
A: ใฏใ„ใ€ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚/ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใŒใใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
Yes, I am a student. / No, I am not a student.

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. Choose the correct particle: ใ‚ใŸใ—๏ผฟ๏ผฟใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚’ (wo)
ใฏ (wa)
ใŒ (ga)
ใ‚‚ (mo)
2. How do you say "I am also Japanese"?
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใ‚‚ ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใ‚’ ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใŒ ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
3. Make this sentence negative: ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ‚ใŸใ— ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
4. Which is the correct question form?
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™๏ผŸ
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŒใใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

๐ŸŽด Flashcard Practice

ใ‚ใŸใ—
watashi
I, me

็ฌฌ2่ชฒ - Demonstratives & Possession

๐Ÿ“š Vocabulary

ใ“ใ‚Œ
kore
this (thing)
ใใ‚Œ
sore
that (thing)
ใ‚ใ‚Œ
are
that over there
ใ“ใฎ
kono
this (+ noun)
ใใฎ
sono
that (+ noun)
ใ‚ใฎ
ano
that over there (+ noun)
ใปใ‚“
hon
book
ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡
jisho
dictionary
ใƒŽใƒผใƒˆ
nooto
notebook
ใˆใ‚“ใดใค
enpitsu
pencil
ใ‹ใŽ
kagi
key
ใจใ‘ใ„
tokei
watch, clock

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ“ใ‚Œ/ใใ‚Œ/ใ‚ใ‚Œ ใฏ ใ€œใงใ™
This/That/That over there is...
Example 1: ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใปใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Kore wa hon desu.
This is a book.
Example 2: ใใ‚Œใฏ ใˆใ‚“ใดใคใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Sore wa enpitsu desu ka.
Is that a pencil?
Example 3: ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎ ใ‹ใฐใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Are wa watashi no kaban desu.
That over there is my bag.
ใ“ใฎ/ใใฎ/ใ‚ใฎ + noun
This/That/That + noun
Example 1: ใ“ใฎใปใ‚“ใฏ ใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.
This book is interesting.
Example 2: ใใฎใ‹ใŽใฏ ใ ใ‚Œใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Sono kagi wa dare no desu ka.
Whose key is that?
ใ€œใฎ (no) - Possession
Shows possession or association
Example 1: ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎ ใ‹ใฐใ‚“
Watashi no kaban
My bag
Example 2: ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใฎ ใปใ‚“
Sensei no hon
Teacher's book
Example 3: ใซใปใ‚“ใ”ใฎ ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡
Nihongo no jisho
Japanese dictionary
ใ ใ‚Œใฎใ€œใงใ™ใ‹ (dare no...desu ka)
Whose...is it?
Example: ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ ใ‚Œใฎ ใ‹ใฐใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka.
Whose bag is this?
ใชใ‚“ (nan)
What
Example: ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Kore wa nan desu ka.
What is this?

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. Choose the correct word: "This book" in Japanese is?
ใ“ใ‚Œใปใ‚“
ใ“ใฎใปใ‚“
ใใ‚Œใปใ‚“
ใ‚ใ‚Œใปใ‚“
2. How do you say "my pencil"?
ใ‚ใŸใ— ใˆใ‚“ใดใค
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ ใˆใ‚“ใดใค
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎ ใˆใ‚“ใดใค
ใ‚ใŸใ—ใ‚‚ ใˆใ‚“ใดใค
3. Which is correct for "That (near you) is a dictionary"?
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏ ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใฉใ‚Œใฏ ใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
4. How do you ask "Whose key is this?"
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใชใ‚“ใฎ ใ‹ใŽใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ ใ‚Œใฎ ใ‹ใŽใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใฉใ“ใฎ ใ‹ใŽใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใคใฎ ใ‹ใŽใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

็ฌฌ3่ชฒ - Places & Locations

๐Ÿ“š Vocabulary

ใ“ใ“
koko
here
ใใ“
soko
there
ใ‚ใใ“
asoko
over there
ใฉใ“
doko
where
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใค
kyoushitsu
classroom
ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“
toshokan
library
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†
shokudou
cafeteria
ใ˜ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚‡
jimusho
office
ใ†ใ‘ใคใ‘
uketsuke
reception
ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌ
toire
toilet
ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ
erebeetaa
elevator
ใ‹ใ„ใ ใ‚“
kaidan
stairs

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ“ใ“/ใใ“/ใ‚ใใ“ ใฏ ใ€œใงใ™
Here/There/Over there is...
Example 1: ใ“ใ“ใฏ ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
Koko wa kyoushitsu desu.
Here is the classroom.
Example 2: ใ‚ใใ“ใฏ ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Asoko wa toshokan desu.
Over there is the library.
ใ€œใฏ ใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹ (wa doko desu ka)
Where is...?
Q: ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใฏ ใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Toire wa doko desu ka.
Where is the toilet?
A: ใ‚ใใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Asoko desu.
It's over there.
ใ“ใกใ‚‰/ใใกใ‚‰/ใ‚ใกใ‚‰ (Polite forms)
This way/That way/That way over there (polite)
Example: ใ†ใ‘ใคใ‘ใฏ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
Uketsuke wa kochira desu.
The reception is this way.
ใ€œใ‹ใ„ (kai) - Floor counter
Counter for floors
Example 1: ใ˜ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚‡ใฏ 2ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Jimusho wa ni-kai desu.
The office is on the 2nd floor.
Example 2: ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†ใฏ ใชใ‚“ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Shokudou wa nan-kai desu ka.
What floor is the cafeteria on?

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. How do you ask "Where is the library?"
ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ใฏ ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ใฏ ใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ใฏ ใ ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ใฏ ใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
2. Which is the polite way to say "over there"?
ใ‚ใใ“
ใ‚ใ‚Œ
ใ‚ใกใ‚‰
ใ‚ใฎ
3. How do you say "The cafeteria is on the 3rd floor"?
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†ใฏ ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†ใฏ 3ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†ใฏ ใฟใฃใคใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†ใฏ ใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
4. Complete: ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใฏ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ใงใ™ใ€‚(The toilet is here.)
ใ“ใ“
ใใ“
ใ‚ใใ“
ใฉใ“

็ฌฌ4่ชฒ - Time & Daily Activities

๐Ÿ“š Time Vocabulary

ใ„ใพ
ima
now
ใ€œใ˜
~ji
o'clock
ใ€œใตใ‚“๏ผใทใ‚“
~fun/pun
minutes
ใฏใ‚“
han
half past
ใ”ใœใ‚“
gozen
a.m.
ใ”ใ”
gogo
p.m.
ใ‚ใ•
asa
morning
ใฒใ‚‹
hiru
noon, daytime
ใฐใ‚“/ใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ban/yoru
evening/night
ใใ‚‡ใ†
kyou
today
ใ‚ใ—ใŸ
ashita
tomorrow
ใใฎใ†
kinou
yesterday

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€œใพใง (kara...made)
From...to/until...
Example 1: 9ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚‰ 5ใ˜ใพใง ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใใพใ™ใ€‚
Ku-ji kara go-ji made hatarakimasu.
I work from 9 to 5.
Example 2: ใ’ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใณใ‹ใ‚‰ ใใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใณใพใง
Getsuyoubi kara kinyoubi made
From Monday to Friday
ใ€œใซ (ni) - Time particle
At/On (specific time)
Example 1: 7ใ˜ใซ ใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
Shichi-ji ni okimasu.
I wake up at 7 o'clock.
Example 2: ใซใกใ‚ˆใ†ใณใซ ใ‚„ใ™ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
Nichiyoubi ni yasumimasu.
I rest on Sunday.
ใชใ‚“ใ˜ (nan-ji) - What time
Asking about time
Q: ใ„ใพ ใชใ‚“ใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Ima nan-ji desu ka.
What time is it now?
A: 3ใ˜ใฏใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
San-ji han desu.
It's 3:30.
ใ€œใ”ใ‚ (goro)
Around/About (time)
Example: 12ใ˜ใ”ใ‚ ใฒใ‚‹ใ”ใฏใ‚“ใ‚’ ใŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
Juu-ni-ji goro hirugohan wo tabemasu.
I eat lunch around 12 o'clock.

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. How do you say "from 6 to 8"?
6ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚‰ 8ใ˜ใพใง
6ใ˜ใซ 8ใ˜ใซ
6ใ˜ใจ 8ใ˜
6ใ˜ใ‚‚ 8ใ˜ใ‚‚
2. What particle do you use with specific times?
ใ‚’
ใซ
ใง
ใฏ
3. How do you say "3:45"?
ใ•ใ‚“ใ˜ ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ”ใทใ‚“
ใ•ใ‚“ใ˜ ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ”ใตใ‚“
ใ•ใ‚“ใ˜ ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ”ใ˜
ใ•ใ‚“ใ˜ ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ”ใถใ‚“
4. What does ใ”ใ‚ mean when used with time?
exactly
before
around/about
after

็ฌฌ5่ชฒ - Going Places & Transportation

๐Ÿ“š Vocabulary

ใ„ใใพใ™
ikimasu
to go
ใใพใ™
kimasu
to come
ใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใพใ™
kaerimasu
to return
ใŒใฃใ“ใ†
gakkou
school
ใˆใ
eki
station
ใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
densha
train
ใƒใ‚น
basu
bus
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผ
takushii
taxi
ใ˜ใฆใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
jitensha
bicycle
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฆ
aruite
on foot
ใฒใ“ใ†ใ
hikouki
airplane
ใตใญ
fune
ship

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ€œใธ ใ„ใใพใ™ (e ikimasu)
Go to...
Example 1: ใŒใฃใ“ใ†ใธ ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
Gakkou e ikimasu.
I go to school.
Example 2: ใซใปใ‚“ใธ ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
Nihon e ikimasu.
I go to Japan.
ใ€œใง (de) - By means of
Indicates method of transportation
Example 1: ใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒใง ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
Densha de ikimasu.
I go by train.
Example 2: ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฆ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
Aruite kimasu.
I come on foot.
ใ€œใจ ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใซ (to issho ni)
Together with...
Example: ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใซ ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
Tomodachi to issho ni ikimasu.
I go together with my friend.
ใฒใจใ‚Šใง (hitori de)
Alone/By oneself
Example: ใฒใจใ‚Šใง ใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
Hitori de kaerimasu.
I return alone.

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. Which particle indicates destination?
ใง
ใธ
ใ‚’
ใซ
2. How do you say "I go by bus"?
ใƒใ‚นใ‚’ ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใƒใ‚นใธ ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใƒใ‚นใง ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใƒใ‚นใซ ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
3. Complete: ใจใ‚‚ใ ใก๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใซ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใจ
ใ‚‚
ใง
ใซ
4. What does ใฒใจใ‚Šใง mean?
together
alone
quickly
slowly

็ฌฌ6่ชฒ - Activities & Invitations

๐Ÿ“š Action Verbs

ใŸในใพใ™
tabemasu
to eat
ใฎใฟใพใ™
nomimasu
to drink
ใฟใพใ™
mimasu
to see/watch
ใใใพใ™
kikimasu
to listen
ใ‚ˆใฟใพใ™
yomimasu
to read
ใ‹ใใพใ™
kakimasu
to write
ใ—ใพใ™
shimasu
to do
ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ™
benkyou shimasu
to study
ใ—ใ”ใจใ—ใพใ™
shigoto shimasu
to work
ใ‹ใ„ใพใ™
kaimasu
to buy
ใ‚ใ„ใพใ™
aimasu
to meet
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
wakarimasu
to understand

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ€œใ‚’ (wo) + verb
Direct object marker
Example 1: ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’ ใŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
Pan wo tabemasu.
I eat bread.
Example 2: ใปใ‚“ใ‚’ ใ‚ˆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
Hon wo yomimasu.
I read a book.
ใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† (mashou)
Let's... (suggestion)
Example 1: ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใซ ใŸในใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
Issho ni tabemashou.
Let's eat together.
Example 2: ใˆใ„ใŒใ‚’ ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
Eiga wo mimashou.
Let's watch a movie.
ใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ (masen ka)
Won't you...? (polite invitation)
Example: ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
Koohii wo nomimasen ka.
Won't you have some coffee?
ใ€œใง (place particle)
At/In (place where action occurs)
Example 1: ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ใง ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Toshokan de benkyou shimasu.
I study at the library.
Example 2: ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใง ใŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
Resutoran de tabemasu.
I eat at a restaurant.

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. Which particle marks the direct object?
ใฏ
ใ‚’
ใซ
ใง
2. How do you say "Let's study"?
ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
3. Complete: ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ใ”ใฏใ‚“ใ‚’ ใŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚’
ใซ
ใง
ใธ
4. Which is a polite invitation form?
ใฎใฟใพใ™
ใฎใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ใฎใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹
ใฎใฟใพใ—ใŸ

็ฌฌ7่ชฒ - Giving & Receiving

๐Ÿ“š Vocabulary

ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™
agemasu
to give
ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™
moraimasu
to receive
ใ‹ใ—ใพใ™
kashimasu
to lend
ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
karimasu
to borrow
ใŠใ—ใˆใพใ™
oshiemasu
to teach
ใชใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™
naraimasu
to learn
ใงใ‚“ใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
denwa shimasu
to telephone
ใฆ
te
hand
ใฏใ—
hashi
chopsticks
ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒผใƒณ
supuun
spoon
ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆ
purezento
present
ใ‚‚ใ†
mou
already

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ€œใซ ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ (ni agemasu)
Give to someone
Example 1: ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใซ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
Tomodachi ni purezento wo agemasu.
I give a present to my friend.
Example 2: ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ใซ ใŠใ‹ใ—ใ‚’ ใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Kodomo ni okashi wo agemashita.
I gave sweets to the child.
ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰/ใซ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™
Receive from someone
Example 1: ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใปใ‚“ใ‚’ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Sensei kara hon wo moraimashita.
I received a book from the teacher.
Example 2: ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใซ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Tomodachi ni purezento wo moraimashita.
I received a present from my friend.
ใ€œใง (Instrument particle)
By means of / With (tool)
Example 1: ใฏใ—ใง ใŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
Hashi de tabemasu.
I eat with chopsticks.
Example 2: ใซใปใ‚“ใ”ใง ใฏใชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Nihongo de hanashimasu.
I speak in Japanese.
ใ‚‚ใ† + past tense
Already
Example: ใ‚‚ใ† ใŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Mou tabemashita.
I already ate.

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. Which particle indicates the recipient when giving?
ใ‚’
ใซ
ใง
ใ‹ใ‚‰
2. How do you say "I received from the teacher"?
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใซ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ‚’ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใง ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
3. Complete: ใฏใ—๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ใ”ใฏใ‚“ใ‚’ ใŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚’
ใซ
ใง
ใ‹ใ‚‰
4. What's the difference between ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ and ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™?
give vs receive
buy vs sell
come vs go
teach vs learn

็ฌฌ8่ชฒ - Adjectives

๐Ÿ“š ใ„-Adjectives

ใŠใŠใใ„
ookii
big
ใกใ„ใ•ใ„
chiisai
small
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
atarashii
new
ใตใ‚‹ใ„
furui
old
ใ„ใ„
ii
good
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„
warui
bad

๐Ÿ“š ใช-Adjectives

ใใ‚Œใ„๏ผˆใช๏ผ‰
kirei (na)
beautiful/clean
ใ—ใšใ‹๏ผˆใช๏ผ‰
shizuka (na)
quiet
ใ’ใ‚“ใ๏ผˆใช๏ผ‰
genki (na)
healthy/energetic
ในใ‚“ใ‚Š๏ผˆใช๏ผ‰
benri (na)
convenient
ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„๏ผˆใช๏ผ‰
yuumei (na)
famous
ใŸใ„ใธใ‚“๏ผˆใช๏ผ‰
taihen (na)
difficult/hard

๐Ÿ“ Grammar Patterns

ใ„-adjective + noun
Directly modifies noun
Example 1: ใŠใŠใใ„ ใใ‚‹ใพ
Ookii kuruma
Big car
Example 2: ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ใปใ‚“
Atarashii hon
New book
ใช-adjective + ใช + noun
Needs ใช to modify noun
Example 1: ใใ‚Œใ„ใช ใธใ‚„
Kirei na heya
Beautiful room
Example 2: ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใช ใฒใจ
Yuumei na hito
Famous person
ใจใฆใ‚‚ (totemo)
Very
Example 1: ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใŠใŠใใ„
Totemo ookii
Very big
Example 2: ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใใ‚Œใ„ใช ใฒใจ
Totemo kirei na hito
Very beautiful person
ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€œใชใ„ (amari...nai)
Not very...
Example: ใ‚ใพใ‚Š ใŠใŠใใใชใ„
Amari ookikunai
Not very big

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Exercises

1. Choose the correct form: ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ใฒใจ (quiet person)
ใ—ใšใ‹
ใ—ใšใ‹ใช
ใ—ใšใ‹ใ„
ใ—ใšใ‹ใฎ
2. Which adjective doesn't need ใช?
ใใ‚Œใ„
ใ’ใ‚“ใ
ใŠใŠใใ„
ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„
3. How do you say "very convenient"?
ใจใฆใ‚‚ ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใ„
ใจใฆใ‚‚ ในใ‚“ใ‚Š
ใจใฆใ‚‚ ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใช
ในใ‚“ใ‚Š ใจใฆใ‚‚
4. Complete: ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ใใ‚‹ใพ (very new car)
ใจใฆใ‚‚
ใ‚ใพใ‚Š
ใŸใใ•ใ‚“
ใ™ใ“ใ—
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